From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the ancient king of the Achaemenid Empire. For other uses, see Darius II (disambiguation). Darius II ๐ญ๐ ๐ผ๐น๐บ๐ข๐ King of Kings Great King King of Persia Pharaoh of Egypt King of Countries Darius II.jpg Darius II as depicted on his tomb in Naqsh-e Rostam King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire Reign 423-404 BC Predecessor Sogdianus Successor Artaxerxes II Died 404 BC Spouse Parysatis Issue Artaxerxes II Cyrus the Younger Ostanes House Achaemenid Father Artaxerxes I Mother Cosmartidene of Babylon Religion Zoroastrianism Soldiers of the Empire, on the tomb of Darius II. Location of Darius II in the Achaemenid family tree. Darius II (Old Persian: ๐ญ๐ ๐ผ๐น๐บ๐ข๐, romanized: Dฤrayavahuลก), also called Darius II Nothus or Darius II Ochus, was King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 423 BC to 405[1] or 404 BC.[2] Artaxerxes I, who died in 424 BC, was followed by his son Xerxes II. After a month and half Xerxes II was murdered by his brother Sogdianus. His illegitimate brother, Ochus, satrap of Hyrcania, rebelled against Sogdianus, and after a short fight killed him, and suppressed by treachery the attempt of his own brother Arsites to imitate his example. Ochus adopted the name Darius (Greek sources often call him Darius Nothos, "Bastard"). Neither the names Xerxes II nor Sogdianus occur in the dates of the numerous Babylonian tablets from Nippur; here effectively the reign of Darius II follows immediately after that of Artaxerxes I.[2] Prospective tomb of Darius II in Naqsh-e Rostam Historians know little about Darius II's reign. A rebellion by the Medes in 409 BC is mentioned by Xenophon. It does seem that Darius II was quite dependent on his wife Parysatis. In excerpts from Ctesias some harem intrigues are recorded, in which he played a disreputable part.[2] The Elephantine papyri mention Darius II as a contemporary of the high priest Johanan of Ezra 10:6.[3][4] Contents 1 Conflict with Athens 2 Issue 3 See also 4 References Conflict with Athens As long as the power of Athens remained intact he did not meddle in Greek affairs. When in 413 BC, Athens supported the rebel Amorges in Caria, Darius II would not have responded had not the Athenian power been broken in the same year at Syracuse. As a result of that event, Darius II gave orders to his satraps in Asia Minor, Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus, to send in the overdue tribute of the Greek towns and to begin a war with Athens. To support the war with Athens, the Persian satraps entered into an alliance with Sparta. In 408 BC he sent his son Cyrus to Asia Minor, to carry on the war with greater energy. Darius II may have expelled various Greek dynasts who had been ruling cities in Ionia: Pausanias wrote that the sons of Themistocles, which include Archeptolis, Governor of Magnesia, "appear to have returned to Athens", and that they dedicated a painting of Themistocles in the Parthenon and erected a bronze statue to Artemis Leucophryene, the goddess of Magnesia, on the Acropolis.[5][6][7] They may have returned from Asia Minor in old age, after 412 BC, when the Achaemenids took again firm control of the Greek cities of Asia, and they may have been expelled by the Achaemenid satrap Tissaphernes sometime between 412 and 399 BC.[5] In effect, from 414 BC, Darius II had started to resent increasing Athenian power in the Aegean and had Tissaphernes enter into an alliance with Sparta against Athens, which in 412 BC led to the Persian conquest of the greater part of Ionia.[8] Darius is said to have received the visit of Greek athlete and Olympic champion Polydamas of Skotoussa, who made a demonstration of his strength by killing three Immortals in front of the Persian ruler.[9][10] A sculpture representing the scene is visible in the Museum of the History of the Olympic Games of antiquity.[11] Darius II died in 404 BC, in the nineteenth year of his reign, and was followed as Persian king by Artaxerxes II.[2] Issue Prior to his accession, Darius II was married to the daughter of Gobryas. With the daughter of Gobryas, Darius II had four sons, one of whom fathered Artabazanes, who served as King of Media Atropatene in the second half of the 3rd century BC.[12][13][14] By Parysatis (his half-sister) Artaxerxes II Cyrus the Younger Oxathres or Oxendares or Oxendras Artoxexes Ostanes Amestris wife of Teritouchmes & then Artaxerxes II & seven other unnamed children By other wives Artostes The unnamed satrap of Media at 401 B.C.
History of Christian Names. By the Author of the Heir of Redclyffe, 1884 Date: 1884 Publication place: Charlotte, North Carolina, USA Text: "...was sometimes the name of mediaeval Roman dames. The genealogists of the house of Este say that Marcus Actius married Julia, sister of the great Caesar, and trace their line downwards till modernized pronunciation..." About this source: Title: History of Christian Names. By the Author of the Heir of Redclyffe, 1884 Description: Book digitized by Google and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb Author: Charlotte Mary Yonge Sponsor: Google Tags: europeanlibraries Contributor: Oxford University